Civil ServiceExecutive PowerJul 16, 2026, 4:51 PM· 4 min read· #1 of 2 in news politics

Trump Pressure Campaign Preceded Landmark Ruling Granting Power to Fire Civil Servants, Report Finds

A New York Times investigation reveals the Trump administration engaged in a coordinated pressure campaign ahead of a landmark Supreme Court ruling that grants the president sweeping authority to fire independent agency heads and career civil servants. The decision, coupled with a new executive order, effectively dismantles 150 years of merit-based federal employment protections.

By Factlen Editorial Team

Civil Service Defenders 45%Unitary Executive Advocates 30%Congressional Oversight Advocates 25%
Civil Service Defenders
Warn that removing employment protections destroys nonpartisan expertise, invites corruption, and creates a chilling effect on whistleblowers.
Unitary Executive Advocates
Argue that the president must have full authority to fire insubordinate staff to enact the voters' agenda and dismantle unaccountable bureaucracy.
Congressional Oversight Advocates
Focus on the lack of transparency in the reclassification process and the administration's circumvention of legislative checks and balances.

What's not represented

  • · State-level government administrators
  • · Federal contractors

Why this matters

This fundamental restructuring of the federal government removes century-old protections designed to keep the civil service nonpartisan. It means the execution of federal laws, regulations, and public services will now be managed by employees who can be fired at any time for political reasons.

Key points

  • A New York Times investigation uncovered a coordinated administration pressure campaign that preceded a landmark Supreme Court ruling on presidential firing powers.
  • The 6-3 ruling in Trump v. Slaughter overturns a 1935 precedent, allowing the president to dismiss the heads of independent federal agencies at will.
  • Concurrently, the administration has reclassified 8,000 career civil servants as at-will employees, stripping them of traditional employment protections.
  • Agencies are reportedly using artificial intelligence to identify up to 50,000 total federal positions for reclassification by the end of September.
8,000
Federal workers immediately reclassified
50,000
Administration's target for at-will reclassification
6-3
Supreme Court vote in Trump v. Slaughter
1883
Year the Pendleton Act established merit-based hiring

A sweeping expansion of presidential power over the federal workforce was the result of a highly coordinated, behind-the-scenes effort by the Trump administration, according to a new investigation. The administration reportedly orchestrated a pressure campaign to secure a landmark Supreme Court ruling that fundamentally alters the structure of the United States government.[1]

The culmination of this effort was the Supreme Court's recent 6-3 ruling in Trump v. Slaughter. The decision explicitly overturned the 1935 Humphrey's Executor precedent, granting the president unprecedented and unchecked authority to fire the heads of independent federal agencies at will, regardless of statutory protections.[2][4]

According to the investigation, the administration secretly swayed the Merit Systems Protection Board to concede key constitutional arguments during the litigation process. This maneuvering effectively paved the way for the Supreme Court to dismantle guardrails that have insulated the federal workforce from partisan politics for nearly a century.[1][2]

The immediate fallout from the ruling has been swift and severe. Since taking office, the administration has fired more than 50 officials from independent agencies. The namesake of the Supreme Court case, former Federal Trade Commission member Rebecca Slaughter, was dismissed alongside her Democratic colleague Alvaro Bedoya, signaling a new era where independent regulators serve entirely at the president's pleasure.[2]

The administration is rapidly expanding the number of federal employees subject to at-will termination.
The administration is rapidly expanding the number of federal employees subject to at-will termination.

But the ruling's impact extends far beyond agency heads and political appointees. In a dissenting opinion, Justice Sonia Sotomayor warned that the precedent empowers the president to fire career civil servants at will—a fear that is already materializing through a parallel executive action sweeping through federal agencies.

Last month, the administration formally converted roughly 8,000 career federal workers into a new job category called "Schedule Policy/Career." The move is a direct revival of the controversial "Schedule F" proposal from the administration's first term, which was rescinded before it could be fully implemented.[3][5]

Employees placed in this new category are immediately stripped of their traditional civil service protections. They lose the right to appeal disciplinary actions, demotions, or firings to the Merit Systems Protection Board, rendering them effectively at-will employees who can be dismissed without cause.[5][6]

Employees placed in this new category are immediately stripped of their traditional civil service protections.

The administration is not stopping at the initial 8,000 reclassifications. Directives have been issued to federal agencies to identify thousands of additional roles to be stripped of protections. Officials are reportedly utilizing artificial intelligence to scan job descriptions, with the explicit goal of expanding the at-will designation to as many as 50,000 federal workers by the end of September.[5]

Career civil servants are facing unprecedented uncertainty regarding their employment protections.
Career civil servants are facing unprecedented uncertainty regarding their employment protections.

Proponents of the overhaul celebrate the dismantling of what they describe as an unaccountable "deep state." Conservative economists and legal scholars argue that unelected bureaucrats currently write the vast majority of federal regulations, imposing immense costs on the American economy without ever having to answer to voters.[4]

From this perspective, the Slaughter ruling and the Schedule Policy/Career reclassifications are necessary democratic corrections. By ensuring that policy-influencing staff can be dismissed for subverting or slow-walking presidential directives, advocates argue the administration is simply returning constitutional power to the elected executive.[4]

Critics, however, view the developments as an existential threat to the functioning of the American government. Labor unions and good-governance groups warn that the shift effectively repeals the Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883, which ended the corrupt political patronage system in favor of hiring based on merit and expertise.[3][6]

Fired officials and whistleblower advocates caution that without employment protections, career experts will be terrified to report waste, fraud, or illegal directives. Under the new rules, whistleblower complaints filed by reclassified employees would be investigated by their own agencies rather than an independent counsel, dramatically heightening the risk of retaliation.[3][5]

The new executive actions threaten to reverse nearly 150 years of merit-based hiring practices.
The new executive actions threaten to reverse nearly 150 years of merit-based hiring practices.

In response to the sweeping changes, more than 50 congressional Democrats have launched a formal inquiry, demanding the administration disclose the full scope of the reclassifications and the specific criteria used to select the targeted employees.[3]

Lawmakers have expressed profound alarm that seemingly apolitical roles, such as those in human resources and federal procurement, are being swept into the at-will category. This broad net suggests the administration's true goal is to enforce absolute political loyalty across every level of the federal apparatus.[3]

As agencies prepare to submit their expanded lists for the fall, the federal workforce remains in a state of deep uncertainty and low morale. With the Supreme Court having removed the primary legal barriers, the administration now possesses the unchecked authority to fundamentally reshape the nature of public service in the United States.[6]

How we got here

  1. 1883

    The Pendleton Civil Service Act is passed, ending the political patronage system and establishing merit-based federal employment.

  2. October 2020

    The Trump administration first introduces the 'Schedule F' executive order, which is later rescinded by President Biden before taking effect.

  3. June 2026

    The Supreme Court rules 6-3 in Trump v. Slaughter, granting the president the power to fire independent agency heads at will.

  4. July 2026

    The New York Times reveals a coordinated pressure campaign behind the ruling, as agencies use AI to target up to 50,000 workers for reclassification.

Viewpoints in depth

Unitary Executive Advocates

Supporters of the overhaul argue that an unaccountable bureaucracy has usurped legislative power.

Proponents of the Supreme Court ruling and the accompanying executive orders argue that the modern administrative state has grown entirely detached from democratic accountability. By pointing out that unelected bureaucrats currently write the vast majority of federal regulations, these advocates assert that the president must have the unchecked authority to dismiss staff who subvert or slow-walk the administration's agenda. From this perspective, the dismantling of civil service protections is not a power grab, but a necessary restoration of the constitutional balance that returns power to the elected executive.

Civil Service Defenders

Critics warn that the changes will destroy the nonpartisan nature of the federal government.

Labor unions, good-governance groups, and fired officials argue that stripping employment protections from tens of thousands of career experts will fundamentally break how the government functions. They warn that without the ability to appeal firings, federal workers will be subjected to political loyalty tests and will fear reporting waste, fraud, or illegal directives. This camp views the administration's actions as a dangerous regression to the 19th-century spoils system, where government jobs were awarded based on political patronage rather than merit and expertise.

Congressional Oversight Advocates

Lawmakers are raising alarms over the secrecy and scope of the administration's reclassification efforts.

A growing coalition of lawmakers is focusing on the sheer lack of transparency surrounding the implementation of the 'Schedule Policy/Career' reclassifications. Congressional Democrats have pointed out that seemingly apolitical roles—such as human resources and procurement specialists—are being swept into the at-will category without explanation. These advocates are demanding that the administration disclose the criteria and artificial intelligence tools being used to select targeted employees, arguing that the executive branch is deliberately circumventing legislative oversight to reshape the workforce in secret.

What we don't know

  • It remains unclear exactly which artificial intelligence tools agencies are using to scan job descriptions for reclassification.
  • The full list of the 50,000 targeted federal positions has not been disclosed to Congress or the public.
  • It is unknown how lower courts will handle the inevitable wave of wrongful termination lawsuits filed by fired career civil servants.

Key terms

Schedule Policy/Career
A new federal job classification that strips career civil servants of their traditional employment protections, making them at-will employees.
Humphrey's Executor
A 1935 Supreme Court precedent, recently overturned, that previously prevented the president from firing the heads of independent federal agencies without cause.
Merit Systems Protection Board
An independent quasi-judicial agency established to protect federal merit systems against partisan political and other prohibited personnel practices.
Unitary Executive Theory
A legal theory asserting that the president possesses the power to control the entire executive branch, including the authority to fire any executive official at will.

Frequently asked

What does the Supreme Court ruling change?

The ruling overturns a 1935 precedent, allowing the president to fire the heads of independent federal agencies without needing to prove 'cause' or misconduct.

How many federal workers are affected?

Roughly 8,000 career employees have already been reclassified as at-will workers, and the administration has directed agencies to identify up to 50,000 positions for reclassification.

Can these employees appeal if they are fired?

No. Under the new 'Schedule Policy/Career' designation, workers lose their right to appeal disciplinary actions or terminations to the Merit Systems Protection Board.

Why is the administration doing this?

Proponents argue it is necessary to increase accountability, remove underperforming staff, and ensure that the bureaucracy does not subvert the elected president's policy agenda.

Sources

Source coverage

6 outlets

3 viewpoints surfaced

Civil Service Defenders 45%Unitary Executive Advocates 30%Congressional Oversight Advocates 25%
  1. [1]NYTCongressional Oversight Advocates

    Trump Pressure Campaign Led to Ruling Granting President Power to Fire All Civil Servants

    Read on NYT
  2. [2]The GuardianCivil Service Defenders

    Rebecca Slaughter, fired by Trump from the FTC in 2025, worries agencies will fear defying the US president

    Read on The Guardian
  3. [3]GovExecCongressional Oversight Advocates

    More than 50 Dem lawmakers demand more Schedule F transparency

    Read on GovExec
  4. [4]Washington TimesUnitary Executive Advocates

    The Supreme Court has gutted one of the load-bearing walls of the deep state

    Read on Washington Times
  5. [5]AP NewsCivil Service Defenders

    President Donald Trump is moving to reclassify some federal workers to make it easier to fire them

    Read on AP News
  6. [6]Protect DemocracyCivil Service Defenders

    Trump's Schedule F plan, explained

    Read on Protect Democracy
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