How Retail REITs Are Converting Shuttered Department Stores Into Walkable Neighborhoods
Major retail landlords are deploying billions to replace vacant anchor stores and excess parking lots with thousands of new apartments, transforming aging malls into mixed-use residential hubs.
By Adrien Caron
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At the Town Center at Boca Raton, an 18.6-acre expanse of asphalt and a shuttered Sears department store are being erased to make way for a 374-unit apartment building and a 197-room hotel. Simon Property Group, which acquired the vacant Sears site for $23 million in 2025, filed the 31.6-acre redevelopment proposal to replace the 2018 casualty of the retail apocalypse with a landscaped main street. The plan includes an eight-story parking garage and eight new retail buildings spanning 157,170 square feet.[1][2]
This single Florida parcel illustrates a fundamental shift in how publicly traded retail landlords extract yield from their real estate. Rather than searching for another big-box retailer to fill a cavernous void, Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) are pivoting to residential development. Simon Property Group currently directs half of its $1.07 billion in active construction outlays toward mixed-use projects, part of a broader $4 billion development pipeline focused heavily on legacy retail anchors.[4]
The mechanism relies on land the REITs already control. Traditional malls and open-air shopping centers were built with massive surface parking lots to accommodate peak holiday traffic that no longer materializes. By carving out those underutilized acres, landlords can erect mid-rise apartment buildings without competing in the open market for residential land. The existing retail serves as a built-in amenity for the new tenants, while the new residents provide a captive, walkable customer base for the shops.[1][2]
Kimco Realty, a REIT specializing in grocery-anchored centers, has aggressively pursued this model through joint ventures with residential developers. In January 2026, Kimco and Bozzuto Development opened Coulter Place, a five-story, 131-unit boutique apartment complex built directly into Suburban Square in Ardmore, Pennsylvania. The $106 million project integrated 20,000 square feet of ground-floor retail into one of the country's oldest open-air shopping centers.[5]
"Coulter Place represents the next chapter in Suburban Square's evolution and a clear example of how we're unlocking long-term value through thoughtful mixed-use development," Kimco Realty CEO Conor Flynn noted during the property's debut. Flynn emphasized that introducing residential living directly into the walkable destination strengthens the center's economic vitality for retailers and visitors alike.[5]
The strategy is scaling to higher-density markets on the West Coast. In Daly City, California, Kimco and Bozzuto are currently constructing The Chester at Westlake, a 214-unit mixed-use development slated for completion in the winter of 2027. Located on a nearly two-acre carve-out of the Westlake Shopping Center, the seven-story building will deliver the city's first major market-rate apartment community in more than 15 years, placing residents less than a mile from regional transit.[3]
For the REITs, the financial returns of these conversions are materializing in their quarterly filings. In the second quarter of 2026, Kimco reported a record-high small-shop occupancy rate of 92.9%, driven by demand for spaces adjacent to these new residential hubs. Simon Property Group similarly raised its 2026 earnings guidance after signing over 1,200 leases spanning 4.8 million square feet, citing the outperformance of core retail assets that function as high-traffic social environments.[4]
The transition from commercial landlord to mixed-use developer is not frictionless. Adding hundreds of residential units to a suburban retail site routinely triggers intense local pushback over traffic congestion and school crowding. In South Florida, where developers are utilizing the state's Live Local Act to bypass certain municipal zoning restrictions for workforce housing, several mall redevelopments are currently facing organized resident opposition and pending litigation.[1]
Overcoming that friction requires landlords to prove that the added density improves the immediate neighborhood. "This proposed transformation of a long-vacant space into a vibrant mixed-use destination will introduce an exceptional collection of luxury and premium retail," Mark Silvestri, president of development at Simon Property Group, stated regarding the Boca Raton project. If the zoning approvals hold, the blueprint establishes a clear path for aging retail corridors: replacing empty anchor stores with the households needed to sustain the shops that remain.[2]
Where opinion splits
Retail REIT Executives
Argue that mixed-use development is the most efficient way to monetize underutilized surface parking and vacant anchor boxes.
For the executives managing massive portfolios of legacy retail space, the math strongly favors residential conversion. A vacant department store generates zero revenue and drags down the appeal of the entire property. By partnering with residential developers, REITs can monetize land they already own without taking on the full risk of construction. The resulting apartments not only provide a stable, diversified income stream but also create a built-in customer base that makes the remaining retail spaces more valuable to prospective commercial tenants.
Local Municipalities and Residents
Express concern over the sudden influx of residential density in traditionally commercial zones.
Homeowners living near these aging malls frequently oppose large-scale residential additions, citing the strain on local infrastructure. A shopping center that previously generated weekend traffic is suddenly transformed into a 24/7 neighborhood, adding hundreds of daily commuters to local roads and new students to the school district. In states like Florida, where developers are using new state laws to bypass local zoning boards, this friction has resulted in organized community resistance and lawsuits aimed at halting the increased density.
Residential Developers
View mall parking lots as prime, transit-adjacent land opportunities that bypass the typical hurdles of assembling urban parcels.
For multifamily housing developers, the hardest part of building in a desirable suburb is finding a plot of land large enough to hold a mid-rise building. Mall parking lots offer vast, flat, pre-cleared acreage that is already connected to municipal utilities and major roadways. Partnering with a retail REIT allows these developers to skip the arduous process of buying out multiple small landowners to assemble a viable footprint, accelerating the timeline from proposal to construction.
Key points
- Retail REITs are converting vacant department stores and excess parking lots into mid-rise apartment buildings and hotels.
- Simon Property Group is directing half of its active construction spending toward mixed-use projects, including a 374-unit development in Boca Raton.
- Kimco Realty recently opened a 131-unit apartment complex at a Pennsylvania shopping center and is building a 214-unit property in California.
- The strategy provides landlords with new revenue streams while generating built-in foot traffic for their surviving retail tenants.
Unanswered questions
- How many of the proposed mega-mall redevelopments will survive local zoning board opposition and resident litigation.
- Whether the premium rents commanded by mall-adjacent apartments will hold if the broader multifamily housing market softens.
How we got here
2018
The Sears anchor store at Town Center at Boca Raton closes, leaving a massive vacancy on the property.
2025
Simon Property Group acquires the 18.6-acre former Sears site for $23 million to consolidate control of the parcel.
January 2026
Kimco Realty and Bozzuto open Coulter Place, integrating 131 apartments into Pennsylvania's Suburban Square.
May 2026
Simon files formal plans to replace the Boca Raton Sears with a 374-unit apartment building and a 197-room hotel.
Winter 2027
Scheduled completion for The Chester at Westlake, bringing 214 market-rate apartments to a Daly City shopping center.
- Retail Landlords
- Focus on maximizing the yield of their existing acreage by replacing dead space with high-rent residential units.
- Multifamily Developers
- View retail centers as ideal, amenity-rich sites for new housing that avoid the cost of raw land acquisition.
- Local Communities
- Prioritize neighborhood stability, often resisting the sudden addition of high-density housing in areas originally zoned for shopping.
Perspectives this story doesn't cover
- Current Retail Tenants
- Affordable Housing Advocates
Sources
[1]The Real DealLocal CommunitiesSimon Property Group joins mixed-use mall redevelopment wave in South Florida
Read on The Real Deal →
[2]Commercial ObserverLocal CommunitiesSimon Property Group Wants to Expand Boca Raton Mall With Housing, Hotel
Read on Commercial Observer →
[3]Multi-Housing NewsMultifamily DevelopersBozzuto, Kimco Partner on Bay Area Mixed-Use
Read on Multi-Housing News →
[4]CRE DailyRetail LandlordsSimon Property Group's robust Q2 leasing and revenue gains lift full-year outlook
Read on CRE Daily →
[5]BozzutoMultifamily DevelopersKimco Realty and Bozzuto Introduce a New Mixed-Use Community on Philadelphia's Main Line
Read on Bozzuto →
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