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Kuril Islands DisputeStakes WatchAug 21, 2026, 12:49 PM· 2 min read

Russia Conducts Missile Tests Near Disputed Kuril Islands, Drawing Strong Japanese Condemnation

Russia's Pacific Fleet executed live-fire missile drills near the disputed Kuril Islands just days after President Vladimir Putin's first visit to the territory. The military exercises prompted formal diplomatic protests from Tokyo, escalating tensions over the long-standing territorial dispute.

By Mariana Costa

Japanese Sovereignty Advocates 40%Russian Strategic Defense 30%Indo-Pacific Security Analysts 30%
Japanese Sovereignty Advocates
Argues the Northern Territories are illegally occupied and condemns Russia's military buildup as an unacceptable provocation.
Russian Strategic Defense
Maintains that sovereignty was settled post-WWII and views the drills as necessary deterrence against Japan's remilitarization.
Indo-Pacific Security Analysts
Views the missile tests as a calculated warning to Tokyo over its support for Ukraine and expanding defense ties with NATO.

Why this matters

The militarization of the Kuril Islands directly links the European conflict in Ukraine to Indo-Pacific security. By demonstrating strike capabilities near Hokkaido, Moscow is signaling its willingness to open a second pressure front against U.S. allies in Asia.

Key points

  • Russia's Pacific Fleet conducted live-fire missile drills near the disputed Kuril Islands, utilizing a nuclear submarine and coastal defense systems.
  • The exercises followed President Vladimir Putin's first official visit to the territory, which had already triggered diplomatic protests.
  • Japanese officials condemned the military buildup as unacceptable, citing their long-standing claim to the 'Northern Territories'.
  • Analysts view the drills as a warning to Tokyo over its ongoing support for Ukraine and deepening security ties with NATO.

Russia's Pacific Fleet conducted rare live-fire missile drills near the disputed Kuril Islands, launching from a nuclear-powered submarine, a guided-missile cruiser, and a land-based coastal defense system.[1][8]

The exercises involved the deployment of advanced weaponry, including Vulkan and Granit anti-ship missiles, which successfully struck designated maritime targets located more than 300 kilometers away.[5][8]

The military maneuvers occurred just days after Russian President Vladimir Putin made his first-ever official visit to Iturup—known in Japan as Etorofu—the largest of the disputed islands, on August 13.[2][4]

Japanese Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi strongly condemned the drills, telling reporters that Russia's ongoing military buildup on the "Northern Territories" directly contradicts Japan's position and remains entirely unacceptable.[1][6]

The disputed islands sit strategically between the Sea of Okhotsk and the Pacific Ocean.

The dual provocations of the presidential visit and the subsequent missile tests sparked a tit-for-tat diplomatic crisis, with both Tokyo and Moscow summoning each other's ambassadors to lodge formal protests.[2][7]

The four southernmost islands of the Kuril chain were seized by the Soviet Union in the final days of World War II. The unresolved territorial dispute has prevented Russia and Japan from ever signing a formal peace treaty to officially end wartime hostilities.[1][4]

The four southernmost islands of the Kuril chain were seized by the Soviet Union in the final days of World War II.

Analysts note the timing of the escalation is closely tied to the ongoing war in Europe. Japan has firmly aligned with Western nations in supporting Ukraine, imposing economic sanctions on Moscow and providing non-lethal military aid to Kyiv.[1][6]

Russian officials and aligned media have increasingly framed Japan's defense posture as a regional threat. They argue the drills serve as a necessary deterrent against Tokyo's remilitarization and its deepening security cooperation with NATO and the United States.[5][8]

For years, former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe attempted to negotiate a partial return of the islands through extensive dialogue with Moscow. However, the current administration under Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi has taken a firmer stance, prioritizing deterrence over territorial concessions.[1][5]

The Russian defense ministry has indicated that the Pacific Fleet will continue its exercises through late August. The sustained military presence in the Sea of Okhotsk forces Tokyo to reevaluate its northern security flank even as it grapples with separate strategic challenges in the southwest.[3][4]

Sources

Source coverage

8 outlets

3 viewpoints surfaced

Japanese Sovereignty Advocates 40%Russian Strategic Defense 30%Indo-Pacific Security Analysts 30%
  1. [1]The Japan TimesJapanese Sovereignty Advocates

    Russia holds rare missile test near islands claimed by Japan

    Read on The Japan Times
  2. [2]South China Morning PostIndo-Pacific Security Analysts

    Russia tests missiles near Japanese-claimed islands after Putin's visit

    Read on South China Morning Post
  3. [3]The Washington TimesIndo-Pacific Security Analysts

    Russia escalates tensions with Japan in offshore missile test near disputed Kuril Islands

    Read on The Washington Times
  4. [4]The GuardianJapanese Sovereignty Advocates

    Japan criticises Russian missile tests around disputed islands

    Read on The Guardian
  5. [5]Global TimesRussian Strategic Defense

    Russia holds missile drills near Southern Kuril Islands as tensions with Japan rise; expert notes Japan's isolated position in Northeast Asia

    Read on Global Times
  6. [6]Channel News AsiaIndo-Pacific Security Analysts

    Japan protests Russian missile tests off disputed islands

    Read on Channel News Asia
  7. [7]EuractivJapanese Sovereignty Advocates

    Japan protests Russian missile tests off disputed islands

    Read on Euractiv
  8. [8]United24 MediaIndo-Pacific Security Analysts

    Days After Putin's First Visit, Russia Fires Missiles Near Islands Claimed by Japan

    Read on United24 Media

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